ORIGINAL PAPER
Enhancing climate resilience: comparative analysis of territorial strategies in Tangier, Andalusia, Tunis, and Marseille
1
Civil and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, High School of Technology, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Morocco
2
Mohammed V University of Rabat, Morocco
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-09-08
Final revision date: 2024-11-24
Acceptance date: 2025-01-07
Publication date: 2025-03-27
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2025;28(1):127-150
KEYWORDS
Territorial Climate Plans (TCPs)Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)tax incentivescoastal resilienceecosystem restoration
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In recent years, many countries have adopted the decentralization of their national climate policies to the regional level in the form of Territorial Climate Plans (TCPs). The aim is to streamline the planning and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures against the impacts of climate change (CC). This article presents a comparative analysis of TCPs in four Mediterranean regions exacerbated by CC, including Marseille, Andalusia, Tangier, and Tunis. Key performance indicators (KPIs), as well as mitigation and adaptation strategies extracted from national reports and other official sources, were the focus of this comparison. The comparison of KPIs revealed that 78% of GHG emissions came from European regions. In terms of carbon sequestration, European regions also outperformed. In terms of the energy transition, the share of renewable energies (RE) in the energy mix is highest in Andalusia, with 39%, followed by Tangiers, Marseille, and Tunis, with 36, 4, and 3%, respectively.
An analysis of measures and initiatives (M&I) shows a shared focus on promoting renewable energies and energy efficiency in the building and industry sectors via tax incentives. For adaptation, regions focus on ecosystem restoration and coastal resilience. In conclusion, even if TCP alignment is strengthened, significant imbalances persist in GHG emissions. As such, this document is intended as an essential and valuable guide for decision-makers in drawing up and implementing their local climate plans. Focusing on KPIs as a guide to assessment could lead to effective management of local climate issues.
On the other hand, the strategic integration of fiscal incentives would promote local energy transition. Nature-based solutions could also emerge as crucial strategies for mitigating climate change and promoting the preservation of ecosystems. Moreover, mutual learning between regions could emerge as an effective strategy for strengthening measures and initiatives to combat climate challenges.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors have no conflicts of interest to declare
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Wzmocnienie odporności na zmiany klimatu: analiza porównawcza strategii terytorialnych w Tangerze, Andaluzji, Tunisie i Marsylii
terytorialne plany klimatyczne (TCP), kluczowe wskaźniki efektywności (KPI), zachęty podatkowe, odporność wybrzeży, odbudowa ekosystemów
W ostatnich latach wiele krajów przyjęło decentralizację krajowych polityk klimatycznych na poziomie regionalnym w formie terytorialnych planów klimatycznych (Territorial Climate Plans – TCP). Ich celem jest usprawnienie planowania i wdrażania środków adaptacyjnych i łagodzących skutki zmian klimatu (CC). Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia analizę porównawczą TCP w czterech regionach śródziemnomorskich dotkniętych skutkami zmian klimatu, w tym w Marsylii, Andaluzji, Tangerze i Tunisie. Porównanie to koncentrowało się na kluczowych wskaźnikach wydajności (KPI), a także strategiach łagodzenia i adaptacji wyodrębnionych z raportów krajowych i innych oficjalnych źródeł. Porównanie wskaźników KPI wykazało, że 78% emisji gazów cieplarnianych pochodzi z regionów europejskich. Pod względem sekwestracji dwutlenku węgla regiony europejskie również osiągnęły lepsze wyniki. Jeśli chodzi o transformację energetyczną, udział energii odnawialnej (OZE) w koszyku energetycznym jest najwyższy w Andaluzji (39%), a następnie w Tangerze, Marsylii i Tunisie (odpowiednio 36, 4 i 3%).
Analiza środków i inicjatyw (M&I) pokazuje wspólny nacisk na promowanie odnawialnych źródeł energii i efektywności energetycznej w sektorze budowlanym i przemysłowym poprzez zachęty podatkowe. Jeśli chodzi o adaptację, regiony koncentrują się na odbudowie ekosystemów i odporności wybrzeży. Podsumowując, nawet jeśli dostosowanie TCP zostanie wzmocnione, utrzyma się znaczna nierównowaga w zakresie emisji gazów cieplarnianych. W związku z tym niniejszy dokument ma być istotnym i cennym przewodnikiem dla decydentów przy opracowywaniu i wdrażaniu lokalnych planów klimatycznych.
Z drugiej strony, strategiczna integracja zachęt fiskalnych promowałaby lokalną transformację energetyczną. Rozwiązania oparte na przyrodzie mogą również okazać się kluczowymi strategiami łagodzenia zmian klimatu i promowania ochrony ekosystemów. Co więcej, wzajemne uczenie się między regionami może okazać się skuteczną strategią wzmacniania środków i inicjatyw mających na celu walkę z wyzwaniami klimatycznymi.
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