ORIGINAL PAPER
The performance of a developed diesel vehicle to run on WCO biodiesel at variable speeds and loads
1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
3
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
Submission date: 2024-01-09
Final revision date: 2024-03-03
Acceptance date: 2024-04-04
Publication date: 2024-06-19
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2024;27(2):105-128
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Vehicle emissions and performance fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel is the main topic of this research. Biodiesel was produced through transesterification with physical and chemical characteristics comparable to diesel. B20 is a methyl ester of 20% blended with diesel. A diesel vehicle was modified and equipped with all measuring instruments needed to perform all experiments. The variable speed and load tests were conducted on the vehicle to measure the performance and emissions at different loads (0–30 kW) and different speeds (0–33 km/h). The vehicle speed was the maximum attained for each gear with a constant fuel flow rate without external fuel control at a steady state. At a vehicle speed of 33 km/h, the greatest increases in fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature for biodiesel B20 were 17 and 6%, respectively, as related to pure diesel. At a vehicle speed of 33 km/h, B20 reduced the distance traveled, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon concentrations compared to diesel by 22, 9 and 10%, respectively. At a vehicle speed of 33 km/h, the increases in nitrogen oxides and oxygen concentrations of B20 were 4 and 3% higher, respectively, than crude diesel over the whole tested load range. The biggest increases in distance, fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature for B20 over diesel were 13, 3, and 2%, respectively, at a vehicle load of 30 kW. The B20 blend decreased CO and hydrocarbon emissions related to diesel by 17 and 32%, respectively, at a vehicle load of 30 kW. The increases in nitrogen oxides and oxygen concentrations of B20 across the whole load range were 11 and 3% higher than pure diesel at a vehicle load of 30 kW, respectively. Biodiesel blend B20 is suggested for application in vehicles providing that the vehicle is moderately loaded.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Osiągi opracowanego pojazdu z silnikiem Diesla przystosowanego do zasilania biodieslem WCO przy zmiennych prędkościach i obciążeniach
WCO, biodiesel, pojazd, obciążenie zmienne, zmienna prędkość
Głównym tematem badań podjętych w niniejszym artykule są emisje i osiągi pojazdów napędzanych biodieslem odpadowym z oleju spożywczego. Biodiesel powstał w procesie transestryfikacji o właściwościach fizycznych i chemicznych porównywalnych z olejem napędowym. B20 to 20% ester metylowy zmieszany z olejem napędowym. Zmodyfikowano pojazd z silnikiem diesla i wyposażono go we wszystkie przyrządy pomiarowe potrzebne do przeprowadzenia wszystkich eksperymentów. Przeprowadzono testy zmiennej prędkości i obciążenia pojazdu, aby zmierzyć jego osiągi i emisję przy różnych obciążeniach (0–30 kW) i różnych prędkościach (0–33 km/h). Prędkość pojazdu była maksymalną osiąganą na każdym biegu przy stałym natężeniu przepływu paliwa bez zewnętrznego sterowania paliwem w stanie ustalonym. Przy prędkości pojazdu wynoszącej 33 km/h największe wzrosty zużycia paliwa i temperatury spalin dla biodiesla B20 wyniosły odpowiednio 17 i 6% w porównaniu do czystego oleju napędowego. Przy prędkości pojazdu wynoszącej 33 km/h B20 zmniejszył przebyty dystans oraz stężenie tlenku węgla i węglowodorów w porównaniu do oleju napędowego odpowiednio o 22, 9 i 10%. Przy prędkości pojazdu wynoszącej 33 km/h przyrosty stężeń tlenków azotu i tlenu B20 były w całym badanym zakresie obciążeń odpowiednio o 4 i 3% większe niż w przypadku surowego oleju napędowego. Największy wzrost zasięgu, zużycia paliwa i temperatury spalin dla B20 w porównaniu z olejem napędowym wyniósł odpowiednio 13, 3 i 2% przy obciążeniu pojazdu 30 kW. Mieszanka B20 zmniejszyła emisję CO i węglowodorów związaną z olejem napędowym odpowiednio o 17 i 32% przy obciążeniu pojazdu 30 kW. Wzrosty stężeń tlenków azotu i tlenu B20 w całym zakresie obciążenia były odpowiednio o 11 i 3% wyższe niż w przypadku czystego oleju napędowego przy obciążeniu pojazdu 30 kW. Mieszankę biodiesla B20 zaleca się stosować w pojazdach pod warunkiem, że pojazd jest umiarkowanie obciążony.
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