ORIGINAL PAPER
Analysis of energy governance in Southern Africa
More details
Hide details
1
Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
2
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Submission date: 2022-08-28
Final revision date: 2022-09-20
Acceptance date: 2022-10-16
Publication date: 2022-12-19
Corresponding author
Yekeen Adeeyo Sanusi
Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Nigeria, Gidan Kwano, Minna. Nigeria, 234, Minna, Nigeria
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2022;25(4):73-94
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The poor energy situation in most African countries manifests itself in very low access to energy and high energy poverty. To address these problems, and drive towards achieving universal energy access, African nations have, in recent time, directed attention to governance issues in energy resource development through building relevant institutions, strengthening legal frameworks, designing policies, ensuring cooperation, and harnessing investments. The concern for a governance approach to energy development is partly due to the submission that the core reason for poor energy delivery is ineffective energy governance. This study is based on Southern Africa and intends to examine the current energy access situation and explore the existing energy governance initiatives. The study used three measures of energy access (national, rural and urban) and energy consumption in order to examine the existing energy situation. The governance actions were examined by looking at national energy policies, energy partnerships (private sector, development partners), and sub-regional power pools. The study observes that the generally poor energy situation in Africa is evident in the Southern African countries. Governance actions are found to be multisource and multilevel. While these actions confirm the seriousness of the stakeholders in addressing the poor energy situation; results have been minimal. Thus, there is a need for more vigorous efforts in implementing the energy policies, engaging the private sector and creating productive cooperation among energy delivery stakeholders.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Analiza zarządzania energią w krajach Afryki Południowej
interesariusze, polityki, inicjatywy, zarządzanie energią, dostęp do energii
Zła sytuacja energetyczna w większości krajów afrykańskich objawia się bardzo niskim dostępem do energii i wysokim ubóstwem energetycznym. Aby rozwiązać te problemy i dążyć do osiągnięcia powszechnego dostępu do energii, narody afrykańskie w ostatnim czasie zwróciły uwagę na kwestie zarządzania rozwojem zasobów energetycznych poprzez tworzenie odpowiednich instytucji, wzmacnianie ram prawnych, opracowywanie polityk, zapewnianie współpracy i wykorzystywanie inwestycji. Troska o podejście do zarządzania rozwojem energii wynika częściowo z twierdzenia, że głównym powodem niskiego dostępu do energii jest nieskuteczne zarządzanie.
Ta praca dotyczy południowej części Afryki i ma na celu zbadanie obecnej sytuacji w zakresie dostępu do energii oraz zbadanie istniejących inicjatyw w zakresie zarządzania energią. W celu zbadania istniejącej sytuacji energetycznej wykorzystano trzy miary zużycia energii (w skali kraju, w obszarach wiejskich i miejskich). Działania związane z zarządzaniem zostały przeanalizowane poprzez analizę krajowych polityk energetycznych; partnerstwa energetycznego (sektor prywatny; partnerzy na rzecz rozwoju) oraz subregionalne obszary energetyczne. W badaniu zauważono, że ogólnie zła sytuacja energetyczna w Afryce uwidacznia się w szczególności w krajach Afryki Południowej. Okazuje się, że działania zarządcze są wieloźródłowe i wielopoziomowe. Chociaż potwierdzają one, że interesariusze usiłują rozwiązać problem złej sytuacji energetycznej, ale rezultaty są słabe. W związku z tym istnieje potrzeba bardziej energicznych wysiłków we wdrażaniu polityk energetycznych, angażowaniu sektora prywatnego i tworzeniu produktywnej współpracy pomiędzy interesariuszami związanymi z dostarczaniem energii.
REFERENCES (52)
2.
African Development Bank 2005. African development report 2006: aid, debt relief and development in Africa. Oxford University Press.
3.
African Development Bank 2017. The bank’s Group’s strategy for the new deal on energy for Africa, 2016–2025, African Development Bank, Abidjan.
4.
African Development Bank 2021. Electricity Regulatory Index. African Development Bank, Abidjan.
5.
Africa Progress Panel 2015. Power people planet: seizing Africa’s energy and climate opportunities: Africa progress report 2015.
6.
Africa Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) 2015. A framework for transforming Africa to a renewable energy powered future with access for all.
7.
Allela, T. 2022. A 2020 desk review of Power Africa. Journal of International Development 34(2), pp. 334–348, DOI: 10.1002/jid.3595.
8.
APEC Energy Working Group 1998. APEC Energy Statistics 1997, 1998.
9.
Asongu, S.A. and Odhiambo, N.M. 2021. Enhancing governance for environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Exploration & Exploitation 39(1), pp. 444–463, DOI: 10.1177/0144598719900657.
10.
Bazilian et al. 2014 – Bazilian, M., Nakhooda, S. and Van de Graaf, T. 2014. Energy governance and poverty. Energy Research & Social Science 1, pp. 217–225, DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.006.
11.
Burmeister & Wain Scandinavian Contractor 2020. Project Development and Investments; Independent power producers, Allerød.
12.
Carlisle, K. and Gruby, R.L. 2019. Polycentric systems of governance: A theoretical model for the commons. Policy Studies Journal 47(4), pp. 927–952, DOI: 10.1111/psj.12212.
13.
Chirambo, D. 2016. Addressing the renewable energy financing gap in Africa to promote universal energy access: Integrated renewable energy financing in Malawi. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62, pp. 793–803, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.046.
14.
Eberhard et al. 2017 – Eberhard, B., Podio, M., Perez-Alonso, A., Radovica, E., Avotina, L., Peiseniece, L., Caamaño Sendon, M., Gonzales Lozano, A. and Solé-Pla, J. 2017. Smart work: The transformation of the labour market due to the fourth industrial revolution (I4. 0). International Journal of Business & Economic Sciences Applied Research 10(3), pp. 47–66.
15.
Energypedia 2018. Mozambique Renewable Energy Potential. National Policy for Independent Power Producer Policy, 2018. [Online]
https://energypedia.info/wiki/... [Accessed: 2022-09-21].
16.
ESI Africa, June 22, 2022.
17.
Fisher, S. 2021. IPPS can produce up to 7,000 MW of power but red tape delaying process – Saippa. EWN Eyewitness News. [Online]
https://ewn.co.za/2021/10/28/i... [Accessed: 2022-05-04].
18.
Florini, A. and Sovacool, B.K. 2009. Who governs energy? The challenges facing global energy governance. Energy Policy 37(12), pp. 5239–5248, DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.039.
19.
Fukuyama, F. 2013. What is governance? Governance 26(3), pp. 347–368, DOI: 10.1111/gove.12035.
20.
Goldthau, A. and Witte, J.M. (eds.) 2010. Global energy governance: The new rules of the game. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.
21.
GTZ and IRENA 2020. Global renewables outlook, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2020.
22.
Hyden, G. and Court, J. 2002. Governance and Development World Governance Survey Discussion. UN University.
23.
Hyden et al. 2005 – Hyden, G., Gourt, J. and Mease, K. 2005. Making Sense of Governance: Empirical Evidence from 16 Developing Countries. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
24.
International Energy Agency (IEA) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). - Perspectives for the Energy Transition: Investment Needs for a Low-carbon Energy System. Paris: OECD, 2017.
25.
IRENA 2021. Renewable capacity statistics 2021 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Abu Dhabi, 2021.
26.
Keping, Y. 2018. Governance and good governance: A new framework for political analysis. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 11(1), pp. 1–8, DOI: 10.1007/s40647-017-0197-4.
27.
Khamula, O. 2021. Malawi: Minister Kambala Says Malawi Govt to Terminate Contracts of Idle Independent Power Producers. Nyasa Times, 18 February 2021. [Online]
https://allafrica.com/stories/... [Accessed: 2022-09-24].
28.
Leal-Arcas, R. and Filis, A. 2013. The fragmented governance of the global energy economy: a legal-institutional analysis. Journal of World Energy Law and Business 6(4), pp. 348–405, DOI: 10.1093/jwelb/jwt011.
29.
Lemos, M.C. and Agrawal, A. 2006. Environmental governance. Annual review of environment and resources 31(1), pp. 297–325, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.31.042605.135621.
30.
McCulloch et al. 2021 – McCulloch, N., Hoyt, E. and Ashford, M.C. 2021. Energy Governance in Developing Countries: A New Approach. The Policy Practice: London, United Kingdom.
31.
Newell et al. 2012 – Newell, P., Pattberg, P. and Schroeder, H. 2021. Multiactor governance and the environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37(1), pp. 365–387, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-020911-094659.
33.
Ongaro, E. 2020. Multi-Level Governance and Public Administration. [In:] Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1409.
34.
Plumptre, T.W. and Graham, J. 1999. Governance and good governance: international and aboriginal perspectives.
35.
Renewable Energy for 21st Century (REN21) 2021. Global Status Report. 2021.
36.
Sanusi, Y.A. 2022. Exploring the Responses of Federal Government in the Governance of Coronavirus Pandemic in Nigeria. [In:] Entrepreneurship and Post-Pandemic Future. Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 87–116.
37.
Sanusi, Y. and Spahn, A. 2019. Exploring Marginalization and exclusion in renewable development in Africa: A perspective from Western individualism and African Ubuntu philosophy. [In:] Bombaerts G. et al. (Eds), Energy justice beyond borders, Springer Nature, pp. 273–296, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24021-9_14.
38.
Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) 2021. Annual Report, SAPP, 2021.
39.
Stephan et al. 2019 – Stephan, M., Marshall, G. and McGinnis, M. 2019. An introduction to polycentricity and governance. [In:] Governing Complexity: Analyzing and Applying Polycentricity, pp. 21–44, DOI: 10.1017/9781108325721.002.
40.
Swilling, M. 2016. Africa’s game changers and the catalysts of social and system innovation. Ecology and Society 21(1):37, Doi: 10.5751/ES-08226-210137.
42.
Tazvinga et al. 2020 – Tazvinga, H., Dzobo, O. and Mapako, M. 2020. Towards sustainable energy system options for improving energy access in Southern Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 31(2), pp. 59–72, DOI: 10.17159/2413-3051/2020/v31i1a6504.
43.
UNESCAP 1992. Social Development Strategy for the ESCAP Region towards the Year 2000 and Beyond. [In:] Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: annual report. 11 April 1991-23 April 1992. - E/1992/31-E/ESCAP/889. - 1992. - p. 115. - (ESCOR, 1992, Suppl. no. 11).
44.
UNFCCC – UN Climate Change Conference 2022 (UNFCCC COP 27), 2022.
45.
United Nations. Paris Agreement. UN, 2015.
46.
UN Population Division – Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Ten Key Findings. Citation: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019), 2020.
48.
Van de Graaf, T. 2017. Organizational interactions in global energy governance. [In:] Palgrave Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations in World Politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 591–609, DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-36039-7_28.
49.
Van de Graaf, T. and Colgan, J. 2016. Global energy governance: a review and research agenda. Palgrave Communications 2(1), pp. 1–12, DOI: 10.1057/palcomms.2015.47.
50.
Vymětal, P. 2017. Contribution to the Modes of Governance Dispute (Draft).
51.
Wills, W. and Westin, F.F. 2019. Climate Transparency Policy Paper: Energy Transition in Brazil. Centro Clima and Climate Transparency. [Online]
https://www.climate-transparen... [Accessed: 2022-09-08].