ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparative LCOE/LCA and maintenance/service analysis of renewable energy sources in the context of curtailment with the regional diversity in Poland
1
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
2
The Department of Minerals and Energy Market Research, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Submission date: 2024-08-10
Final revision date: 2025-02-14
Acceptance date: 2025-03-04
Publication date: 2025-06-23
Corresponding author
Piotr Olczak
The Department of Minerals and Energy Market Research, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
The Department of Minerals and Energy Market Research, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2025;28(2):5-22
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Renewable energy sourcesEffective use of energyDevelopment of new energy technologiesEnergy systems modelling
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the increase in the share of unstable energy sources classified as renewable energy sources, wind turbines, and photovoltaic installations in the national (Polish) energy mix has led to the emergence of new challenges. These challenges include what to do with excess energy production in the face of low prices and low storage capacities. The solution used in 2023 and 2024 was the forced shutdown of sources on the scale of the national power system. A gap was noticed in the methodology for assessing which installations (wind turbines or photovoltaics) should be shut down on the scale of one power connection in the so-called cable pooling cooperation formula. In this respect, a decision-making methodology was developed for shutting down generating capacity based on operating costs. Scenarios for the installed capacity of individual sources were defined: photovoltaic installations and wind turbines. Then, an analysis of scenarios of different capacities of individual farms was performed compared to one side of the power connection. It was proven that in most cases of cooperation between photovoltaic farms and wind farms, wind farms should be shut down first in the event of exceeding the capacity from the point of view of one owner for one connection for these farms. The results also voiced the discussion on compensation for installation shutdowns on the scale of the entire power system in Poland. Nevertheless, the estimates in this area have a wide area for in-depth analyses for individual sources, taking into account various conditions, e.g., age of devices, local conditions.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Analiza porównawcza LCOE/LCA oraz konserwacji/serwisu odnawialnych źródeł energii w kontekście ograniczeń i zróżnicowania regionalnego w Polsce
fotowoltaika, turbiny wiatrowe, koszty obsługi, LCOE, cable pooling
W ostatnich latach wzrost udziału niestabilnych źródeł energii zaliczanych do OZE turbin wiatrowych i instalacji fotowoltaicznych w krajowym (polskim) miksie energetycznym spowodował pojawienie się nowych wyzwań. Wyzwania te obejmują to, co należy zrobić z nadwyżkami w obliczu niskich cen i niewielkich możliwości magazynowania. Rozwiązaniem stosowanym w 2023 i 2024 było przymusowe wyłączanie źródeł w skali krajowego systemu elektroenergetycznego. Zauważono lukę w zakresie metodyki oceny, które instalacje (turbiny wiatrowe czy fotowoltaika) powinny być wyłączane w skali jednego przyłącza energetycznego w formule współdziałania tzw. cable pooling. W tym zakresie opracowano metodykę decyzyjną w zakresie wyłączeń mocy wytwórczych opartą na kosztach działania. Zdefiniowano scenariusze mocy zainstalowanej poszczególnych źródeł: instalacji fotowoltaicznej oraz turbin wiatrowych. Następnie wykonano analizę scenariuszy różnych mocy poszczególnych farm w porównaniu do jednej wielkości przyłącza energetycznego. Dowiedziono że w większości przypadków współdziałań farm fotowoltaicznych i farm wiatrowych to farmy wiatrowe powinny być wyłączane jako pierwsze w przypadku przekroczeń mocy z punktu widzenia jednego właściciela dla jednego przyłącza dla tych farm. Osiągnięte wyniki to także głos w dyskusji w sprawie rekompensat za wyłączenia instalacji w skali całego systemu elektroenergetycznego w Polsce. Nie mniej jednak oszacowania w tym zakresie mają szeroki obszar dla pogłębionych analiz dla poszczególnych źródeł z uwzględnieniem różnych uwarunkowań np. wieku urządzeń, warunków lokalnych.
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