ORIGINAL PAPER
Control and monitoring of stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Jubail Industrial College, Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-06-29
Final revision date: 2025-02-17
Acceptance date: 2025-03-04
Publication date: 2025-06-23
Corresponding author
Mubarak Alayyat Alanazi
Electrical Engineering Department, Jubail Industrial College, Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu, 31961, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
Electrical Engineering Department, Jubail Industrial College, Royal Commission for Jubail & Yanbu, 31961, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2025;28(2):23-54
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Renewable energy sourcesEnergy storageDevelopment of new energy technologiesEnergy systems modelling
ABSTRACT
Energy storage plays a critical role in stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems, ensuring a stable and reliable power supply in rural areas disconnected from the electrical grid. This study integrates batteries and a backup diesel generator to maintain continuous energy availability. A computer-based monitoring and control unit is developed to optimize system performance, increase efficiency, and enhance sustainability. The experimental setup consists of photovoltaic (PV) panels, a diesel generator (DG), a battery bank (B), a charge controller, a DC/AC inverter, and a variable electrical load. The control unit, designed using LabView software, prevents battery over-discharge, thereby improving longevity and overall efficiency. It comprises voltage and current sensors connected to data acquisition cards (DAC) linked to a PC. The system features twelve 12 V PV panels, each rated at 75 W, supplying a total of 450 W. The experimental findings indicate that battery capacity declines significantly under high discharge currents, emphasizing the necessity of effective energy management strategies. The control unit continuously monitors system parameters and regulates the operation of the backup generator. When the battery’s state of charge (SOC) drops to 35%, the system automatically disconnects the load and activates the DG, ensuring an uninterrupted power supply while prolonging the battery lifespan. These results highlight the importance of selecting suitable battery sizes and characteristics, considering both cost and load demands, to enhance the performance, reliability, and economic feasibility of hybrid renewable energy systems for off-grid applications.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to Jubail Industrial College for their invaluable support during the course of this research.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Author have no conflicts of interest to declare.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Kontrola i monitorowanie autonomicznych hybrydowych systemów energii odnawialnej
energia odnawialna, akumulatory, system kontroli i monitorowania energii, magazynowanie energii
Magazynowanie energii odgrywa kluczową rolę w autonomicznych hybrydowych systemach energii odnawialnej, zapewniając stabilne i niezawodne zasilanie na obszarach wiejskich odłączonych od sieci elektrycznej. W niniejszym artykule zintegrowano akumulatory i zapasowy generator diesla w celu utrzymania ciągłej dostępności energii. Komputerowa jednostka monitorująca i sterująca została opracowana w celu optymalizacji wydajności systemu, zwiększenia efektywności i poprawy zrównoważonego rozwoju. Układ eksperymentalny składa się z paneli fotowoltaicznych (PV), generatora diesla (DG), baterii akumulatorów (B), kontrolera ładowania, falownika DC/AC i zmiennego obciążenia elektrycznego. Jednostka sterująca, zaprojektowana przy użyciu oprogramowania LabView, zapobiega nadmiernemu rozładowaniu akumulatora, poprawiając w ten sposób jego żywotność i ogólną wydajność. Składa się z czujników napięcia i prądu podłączonych do kart akwizycji danych (DAC) połączonych z komputerem PC. System obejmuje dwanaście paneli fotowoltaicznych 12 V, każdy o mocy 75 W, dostarczających łącznie 450 W. Wyniki eksperymentów wskazują, że pojemność baterii znacznie spada przy wysokich prądach rozładowania, co podkreśla konieczność stosowania skutecznych strategii zarządzania energią. Jednostka sterująca stale monitoruje parametry systemu i reguluje działanie generatora zapasowego. Gdy stan naładowania akumulatora (SOC) spada do 35%, system automatycznie odłącza obciążenie i aktywuje DG, zapewniając nieprzerwane zasilanie przy jednoczesnym przedłużeniu żywotności akumulatora. Wyniki te podkreślają znaczenie wyboru odpowiednich rozmiarów i charakterystyk baterii, biorąc pod uwagę zarówno koszty, jak i wymagania dotyczące obciążenia, w celu zwiększenia wydajności, niezawodności i ekonomicznej wykonalności hybrydowych systemów energii odnawialnej do zastosowań poza siecią.
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