Management of surplus electricity production from
unstable renewable energy sources using Power
to Gas technology
1
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
Publication date: 2018-12-31
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2018;21(4):43-64
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Increasing the share of energy production from renewable sources (RES) plays a key role in the
sustainable and more competitive development of the energy sector. Among the renewable energy
sources, the greatest increase can be observed in the case of solar and wind power generation. It
should be noted that RES are an increasingly important elements of the power systems and that their
share in energy production will continue to rise. On the other hand the development of variable generation
sources (wind and solar energy) poses a serious challenge for power systems as operators
of unconventional power plants are unable to provide information about the forecasted production
level and the energy generated in a given period is sometimes higher than the demand for energy
in all of the power systems. Therefore, with the development of RES, a considerable amount of the
generated energy is wasted. The solution is energy storage, which makes it possible to improve the
management of power systems. The objective of this article is to present the concept of electricity
storage in the form of the chemical energy of hydrogen (Power to Gas) in order to improve the
functioning of the power system in Poland.
The expected growth in the installed capacity of wind power plants will result in more periods
in which excess energy will be produced. In order to avoid wasting large amounts of energy, the
introduction of storage systems is necessary. An analysis of the development of wind power plants
demonstrates that the Power to Gas concept can be developed in Poland, as indicated by the estimated
installed capacity and the potential amount of energy to be generated. In view of the above, the
excess electricity will be available for storage in the form of chemical energy of hydrogen, which in turn can be used to supply gas distribution networks, generate electricity during periods of increased
electricity demand, or to refuel vehicles.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Zagospodarowanie nadwyżki produkcji energii elektrycznej
z niestablinych odnawialnych źródeł energii z wykorzystaniem
technologii Power to Gas
energetyka wiatrowa, Power to Gas, magazynowanie energii
Zwiększenie udziału produkcji energii ze źródeł odnawialnych (OZE) odgrywa kluczową rolę w zrównoważonym
i bardziej konkurencyjnym rozwoju sektora energii. Wśród odnawialnych źródeł energii największy
wzrost można zaobserwować w przypadku wytwarzania energii słonecznej i wiatrowej. Należy zauważyć,
że OZE są coraz ważniejszym elementem systemów elektroenergetycznych i że ich udział w produkcji
energii będzie nadal wzrastał. Z drugiej strony rozwój niestabilnych źródeł wytwarzania (elektrowni
wiatrowych i fotowoltaiki) stanowi poważne wyzwanie dla systemów energetycznych, ponieważ operatorzy
niekonwencjonalnych elektrowni nie są w stanie dostarczyć informacji o prognozowanym poziomie produkcji,
a zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną jest często niższe od ilości energii wytworzonej w danym
okresie. Dlatego wraz z rozwojem OZE tracona jest znaczna część wytworzonej energii. Rozwiązaniem jest
magazynowanie energii, co pozwoliłoby na usprawnienie zarządzania systemami energetycznymi. Celem niniejszego
artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji magazynowania energii elektrycznej w postaci energii chemicznej
wodoru (Power to Gas) w celu poprawy funkcjonowania systemu elektroenergetycznego w Polsce. W związku z oczekiwanym wzrostem mocy zainstalowanej w elektrowniach wiatrowych należy się spodziewać,
że w systemie będzie coraz więcej okresów, w których wytwarzana będzie nadwyżka energii.
Aby uniknąć marnowania dużych ilości energii, konieczne jest wprowadzenie systemów magazynowania
energii. Analiza rozwoju elektrowni wiatrowych pokazuje, że koncepcja Power to Gas może być rozwijana
w Polsce, o czym świadczy szacowana moc zainstalowana i potencjalna ilość energii do wygenerowania.
W związku z nadwyżką energii elektrycznej będzie dostępna do magazynowania w postaci energii
chemicznej wodoru, która z kolei może być wykorzystana do zasilania sieci dystrybucyjnych gazu, wytwarzania
energii elektrycznej w okresach zwiększonego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną lub do
tankowania pojazdów.
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