Military conflict in Ukraine as well as deep political crisis in EU-Russia relations have challenged not only military, but also energy security of Poland. Russian officials’ declarations about redirection of Russian gas supplies to Europe from Ukraine transit as well as the extension of the Nord Stream gas pipeline from Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea put in a difficult situation Poland and other states in Central and Eastern Europe. All these developments limit chances for launching competitive and well-integrated gas market in this part of the European Union in the upcoming years. In turn, they help Gazprom to hold dominant position in Central and Eastern Europe. Similar situation has been observed in recent years on the oil market as Russian energy companies are quite successful in taking control over some European refineries, including petrochemical plant in Schwedt near Polish border. In result, Polish public opinion as well opinion- and decision-makers seem to be deeply concerned about their own energy security, although they do not have a clear definition what this security really means and how it should be prioritized. According many scholars energy security concept includes three main dimensions: security of supply (technical dimension), competitiveness of energy market (economic dimension), and sustainable development (environmental dimension). In this paper, energy security concept is enlarged by the fourth, social dimension, and is testified empirically through the opinion polls as well as through in-depth interviews with energy experts. The results of these surveys proved the relations between all four dimensions of energy security concept. For Poles the most important is environmental dimension, while for energy experts technical ones. Both groups perceive social dimension as the less crucial.