The choosing of building materials has a big importance in defining its suitability for using in different climatic conditions, and in knowing its ability to allow in different desired building systems. The choosing is also depend on the material cost and on the time needed , in the industry and in the construction by it. Also, the conserving energy, which is nowadays is a vital role, plays an essential role in defining these building materials. The study handled the using of traditional and modern building materials in different climatic regions. The building materials can be differ and also the design to give limits of thermal control in different climatic regions, and also. that can take place in the same climatic region under another thermal control in the design, this is could be made for two different orientations in the same regions. The study also compared between the traditional and modern materials in the items of : the time,the effort,the money and the consumed energy. The study also introduces modern guidelines for both traditional and modern building materials for using in different climatic regions.