ORIGINAL PAPER
Barriers and current challenges facing the renewable energy implementation in Libya: a review
 
More details
Hide details
1
Business School, University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 
2
Advance Facilities Engineering Technology Research Cluster (AFET-RC); Facilities Maintenance Engineering Section (FAME), Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL MITEC), Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750, Johor, Malaysia
 
 
Submission date: 2021-04-10
 
 
Final revision date: 2021-06-06
 
 
Acceptance date: 2021-06-21
 
 
Publication date: 2021-09-23
 
 
Corresponding author
Mussa Mohamed Bahour   

Business School, University Kuala Lumpur, Kampung Baru, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 
 
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2021;24(3):141-160
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Given the importance of renewable energy as it provides alternative energy sources over the traditional fossil fuel that is environmentally friendly, clean and renewable, this research aims to explore scholarly articles and books that present and investigate the challenges and barriers facing the implementation of renewable energy sources in Libya where the social, cultural, financial and awareness aspects are an important consideration against renewable energy. This study contains a review of all relevant, peer-reviewed, and published articles from journals, websites, books, conference proceedings and bulletins. An extensive literature review was carried out with the aim of researching renewable energy in Libya. This was done to take a realistic perspective of the community and the knowledge services accessible. The review of literature has shown that further renew- ables energy research remains necessary as the current conditions of the energy sector in Libya need to be examined to understand the challenges and difficulties to introduce renewable energy within competent authorities and businesses are examined in accordance with their managers. This indicates the need to conduct various studies in Libya to explore the various challenges, mostly financial and technological, that face the purposeful implementation of renewable energy resources in Libya. Additionally, the level of awareness and culture perception of the use of renewable energy is an important aspect to be considered as reported as barriers affecting the implementation of renewable energy in various parts of the world.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Bariery i wyzwania stojące przed wdrożeniem energii odnawialnej w Libii: przegląd
energia alternatywna, wdrażanie energii odnawialnej, bariery i wyzwania
Biorąc pod uwagę znaczenie energii odnawialnej, zapewniającej alternatywną energię w stosunku do tradycyjnych paliw kopalnych, która jest przyjazna dla środowiska, czysta i odnawialna, niniejsze badanie ma na celu przegląd artykułów naukowych i książek, które przedstawiają i badają wyzwania i bariery stojące przed wdrożeniem odnawialnych źródeł energii w Libii, gdzie aspekty społeczne, kulturowe, finansowe i świadomościowe są ważnymi czynnikami, które nie sprzyjają energii odnawialnej. Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje przegląd wszystkich istotnych, recenzowanych i opublikowanych artykułów z czasopism, stron internetowych, książek, materiałów konferencyjnych i biuletynów. Obszerny przegląd literaturowy ma na celu zbadanie statusu energii odnawialnej w Libii. Takie spojrzenie pozwala uzyskać realistyczny pogląd na ocenę zagadnienia przez społeczeństwo oraz na dostępne w tym zakresie usługi. Wykazano, że niezbędne są dalsze badania w zakresie energii odnawialnej. Aby zrozumieć wyzwania i trudności we wdrażaniu odnawialnych źródeł energii, jakie stoją przed właściwymi organami, przedsiębiorstwami i ich kierownictwem, trzeba szerzej zapoznać się z warunkami funkcjonowania sektora energetycznego w Libii. Wskazuje to na potrzebę przeprowadzenia różnych analiz w celu zbadania wyzwań, głównie finansowych i technologicznych, utrudniających wdrażanie użytkowania energii odnawialnej w Libii. Ponadto, poziom świadomości i kulturowego postrzegania wykorzystania energii odnawialnej są ważnymi uwarunkowaniami, które należy uznać za bariery mające wpływ na wdrażanie energii odnawialnej w różnych częściach świata także w Libii.
 
REFERENCES (75)
1.
2020 Predictions for the Global Economy and Markets 2020. [Online] https://www.investopedia.com/2... [Accessed: 2020-10-23].
 
2.
Abdullahi, D. et al. 2017. Solar Energy Development and Implementation in Nigeria: Drivers and Barriers. DOI: 10.18086/swc.2017.16.01.
 
3.
Adan H. et al. 2018 – Adan, H., Fuerst, F., Kavarnou, D. and Singh, R. 2018. Me or my house? Investigating the relative importance of household and dwelling characteristics for household energy consumption. [Online] https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/p... [Accessed: 2020-06-24].
 
4.
Ahadzie, D.K. et al. 2009. Towards developing competency-based measures for project managers in mass house building projects in developing countries. Construction Management and Economics 27(1), pp. 89–102, DOI: 10.1080/01446190802621028.
 
5.
Ajredi et al. 2017 – Ajredi, M.A.S., Ayedh, A.M.A. and Haron, M.S. 2017. The Relationship between Real Exchange Rate and Components of the Broader Measure of Money Supply: An Analytical Study on the Libyan Economy. Journal of Insurance and Financial Management 3(3).
 
6.
Al-Hamamre, Z. et al. 2017. Wastes and biomass materials as sustainable-renewable energy resources for Jordan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier, 67, pp. 295–314.
 
7.
Alweheshi, S. et al. 2019. Photovoltaic solar energy applications in Libya: a survey’. The 10th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC), pp. 1–6, DOI: 10.1109/IREC.2019.8754527. [Online] https://www.researchgate.net/s... [Accessed: 2020-12-05].
 
8.
Ansari, M.F. et al. 2013. Analysis of barriers to implement solar power installations in India using interpretive structural modeling technique. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 27, pp. 163–174.
 
9.
Armaroli, N. and Balzani, V. 2007. The future of energy supply: challenges and opportunities. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46(1–2), pp. 52–66.
 
10.
Atadashi et al. 2012 – Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Abdul Aziz, A.R. and Sulaiman, N.M.N. 2012. The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: A review. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 19(1), pp. 14–26, DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.009.
 
11.
Badi, I.A. et al. 2018. A grey-based assessment approach to the site selection of a desalination plant in Libya. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, DOI: 10.1108/GS-01-2018-0002.
 
12.
Blanchard, C.M. 2016. Libya: Transition and US policy. Washington United States: Congressional Research Service. [Online] https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/RL... [Accessed: 2020-09-22].
 
13.
Bolesta, A. 2018. Myanmar-China peculiar relationship: Trade, investment and the model of development. Journal of International Studies 11(2), pp. 23–36.
 
14.
Bussar, C. et al. 2014. Optimal allocation and capacity of energy storage systems in a future European power system with 100% renewable energy generation. Energy Procedia 46, pp. 40–47, DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.156.
 
15.
Capasso, M. 2020. The war and the economy: the gradual destruction of Libya. Review of African Political Economy 47, pp. 1–23.
 
16.
CBL 2009. Economic Bulletin for the Fourth Quarter of 2009. Tripoli, Libya.
 
17.
Central Bank of Libya 2005. [Online] https://cbl.gov.ly/en/ [Accessed: 2021-02-20].
 
18.
CIA 2016. Central Intelligence Agency-The World Factbook.
 
19.
Collotta, M. et al. 2018.Wastewater and waste CO2 for sustainable biofuels from microalgae. Algal research 29, pp. 12–21.
 
20.
Deigaard, R. and Nielsen, P. 2018. Wind generation of waves: Energy and momentum transfer – An overview with physical discussion. Coastal Engineering 139, pp. 36–46.
 
21.
Doğanalp, N. 2018. The nexus between renewable energy and sustainable development: a panel data analysi̇s for selected eu countries. Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 5(29), pp. 3966–3973, DOI: 10.26450/jshsr.884.
 
22.
Etelawi et al. 2017 – Etelawi, A.M., Blatner, K.A. and McCluskey, J. 2017. Crude Oil and the Libyan Economy. International Journal of Economics and Finance 9(4), pp. 95–104.
 
23.
Feron, S. 2016. Sustainability of off-grid photovoltaic systems for rural electrification in developing countries: A review. Sustainability 8(12), pp. 1–26, DOI: 10.3390/su8121326.
 
24.
GPCEWGL 2008. The Libyan General people’s Committee for Electricity, Water and Gas. Annual Report. Tripoli – Libya.
 
25.
GPCFAAL 2007. The General People’s Committee of The Financial Audit Authority. Tripoli – Libya.
 
26.
He, Z.X. et al. 2018. Factors that influence renewable energy technological innovation in China: A dynamic panel approach. Sustainability 10(1), DOI: 10.3390/su10010124.
 
27.
Herbert, G.M.J. and Krishnan, A.U. 2016. Quantifying environmental performance of biomass energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59, pp. 292–308.
 
28.
Herington, M.J. et al. 2017. Rural energy planning remains out-of-step with contemporary paradigms of energy access and development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67, pp. 1412–1419.
 
29.
Van Horne, C. and Dutot, V. 2017. Challenges in technology transfer: an actor perspective in a quadruple helix environment. The Journal of Technology Transfer 42(2), pp. 285–301.
 
30.
Jolly, W.M. et al. 2015. Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013. Nature Communications. Nature Publishing Group, 6(May), pp. 1–11, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8537.
 
31.
Kassem et al. 2020 – Kassem, Y., Çamur, H. and Aateg, R.A.F. 2020. Exploring Solar and Wind Energy as a Power Generation Source for Solving the Electricity Crisis in Libyax. Energies 13(14), p. 3708.
 
32.
Khalifa et al. 2019 – Khalifa, R., Dabab, M. and Barham, H. 2019. A preliminary strategic framework for enhancing the sustainability of international technology transfer: The case of Libya. PICMET 2019 – Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management in the World of Intelligent Systems, Proceedings, 1–9, DOI: 10.23919/PICMET.2019.8893662.
 
33.
Khalil, A. and Asheibe, A. 2015. The chances and challenges for renewable energy in Libya. The Proceedings of the Renewable Energy Conference (November 2015), pp. 1–6.
 
34.
Khan, K.A. et al. 2018. Renewable energy scenario in Bangladesh. IJARII 4(5), pp. 270–279.
 
35.
Khare et al. 2013 – Khare, V., Nema, S. and Baredar, P. 2013. Status of solar wind renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 27(1), pp. 1–10.
 
36.
Khare et al. 2017 – Khare, Vikas, Nema, S. and Baredar, P. 2013. Status of solar wind renewable energy in India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 27, pp. 1–10, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.018.
 
37.
Khojasteh et al. 2016 – Khojasteh, D., Khojasteh, D. and Kamali, R. 2016. Wave Energy Absorption by Heaving Point Absorbers at Caspian Sea. 24th Annual International Conference on Mechanical Engineering-ISME. Yazd, Iran (April).
 
38.
Komoto, K. et al. 2009. Energy from the desert: Very Large scale photovoltaic systems: Socio-economic, financial, technical and environmental aspects. Energy from the Desert: Very Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems: Socio-economic, Financial, Technical and Environmental Aspects, pp. 1–190, DOI: 10.4324/9781849770064.
 
39.
Kumar, D. and Katoch, S.S. 2014. Sustainability indicators for run of the river (RoR) hydropower projects in hydro rich regions of India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 35, pp. 101–108.
 
40.
Luthra, S. et al. 2015. Barriers to renewable/sustainable energy technologies adoption: Indian perspective. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 41, pp. 762–776.
 
41.
Martinez-Manuel, L. 2021. Flux solar simulator for the development of thesis that to obtain the degree of doctor of Science (optics) Presents: Leopoldo Martínez-Manuel (April).
 
42.
Mercer, N. 2016. Barriers to renewable energy development in newfoundland and labrador: a case study of wind energy applying the ‘aktesp’ framework for analysis.
 
43.
Mirkouei, A. et al. 2017. A mixed biomass-based energy supply chain for enhancing economic and environmental sustainability benefits: A multi-criteria decision making framework. Applied Energy 206(May), pp. 1088–1101, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.09.001.
 
44.
Mohamed, A.M.A. 2016. Investigation into the feasibility of the utilisation of renewable energy resources in Libya (Doctoral dissertation, Nottingham Trent University).
 
45.
Mohamed et al. 2019 – Mohamed, A.M.A., Elabar, S.M., Shakmak, B.H.M. and Al-Habaibeh, A. 2019 Exploring the sustainable economy and energy for Libya’s future. Nottingham Trent University: Publications. [Online] http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprin... [Accessed: 2021-03-05].
 
46.
Mohamed et al. 2017 – Mohamed, A.M.A., Al-Habaibeh, A. and Abdo, H. 2016. Future prospects of the renewable energy sector in Libya. Conference: Sustainable Built Environment. [In:] SBE16 Dubai Conference, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
 
47.
Mohamed, O.A. and Masood, S.H. 2018. A brief overview of solar and wind energy in Libya: Current trends and the future development. [In:] IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 377(1), DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012136.
 
48.
Murshed, M. 2020. Are Trade Liberalization policies aligned with Renewable Energy Transition in low and middle income countries? An Instrumental Variable approach. Renewable Energy 151, pp. 1110– –1123, DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.106.
 
49.
Nasar, M. and Elzentani, H. 2016. Smart Roads to Generate Energy in Libya: Survey. Environment & Ecology 34(3A), pp. 1088–1092.
 
50.
Nengroo et al. 2018 – Nengro, S.H., Kamran, N.A., Ali, M.U., Kim, D.-H., Kim, M.-S., Hussain, A. and Kim, H.-J. 2018. Dual battery storage system: An optimized strategy for the utilization of renewable photovoltaic energy in the United Kingdom. Electronics 7(9), p. 177.
 
51.
OPEC 2016. [Online] https://www.opec.org/opec_web/...? [Accessed: 2020-06-27].
 
52.
Otman, W. and Karlberg, E. 2007. The Libyan economy: economic diversification and international repositioning. Springer Science & Business Media, DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46463-8.
 
53.
Paravantis et al. 2018 – Paravantis, J., Mihalakakou, G., Stigka, E. and Evanthie, M. 2018. Social acceptance of renewable energy projects: A contingent valuation investigation in Western Greece. Renewable Energy 123, pp. 639–651.
 
54.
Patil, D. 2018. Sustainable Bio-Energy Through Bagasse Co-Generation Technology: a Pestel Analysis of Sugar Hub of India, Solapur. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 5(12), pp. 661–669.
 
55.
Piwowar, A. and Dzikuć, M. 2019. Development of renewable energy sources in the context of threats resulting from low-altitude emissions in Rural Areas in Poland: A review. Energies 12(18), DOI: 10.3390/en12183558.
 
56.
Pueyo, A. 2018. What constrains renewable energy investment in Sub-Saharan Africa? A comparison of Kenya and Ghana. World Development 109, pp. 85–100.
 
57.
Le Quéré, C. et al. 2017. Global_Carbon_Budget. Earth System Science Data (November).
 
58.
Reddy, S. and Painuly, J.P. 2004. Diffusion of renewable energy technologies – barriers and stakeholders’ perspectives. Renewable Energy 29(9), pp. 1431–1447.
 
59.
Renewable energy statistics 2020. On-line: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/....
 
60.
Seetharaman et al. 2019 – Seetharaman, A., Krishna Moorthy, M. and Nitin, P. 2019. Breaking barriers in deployment of renewable energy. Heliyon. Elsevier Ltd. 5(1), DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01166.
 
61.
Sharma, A.K. and Thakur, N.S. 2017. Energy situation, current status and resource potential of run of the river (RoR) large hydro power projects in Jammu and Kashmir: India. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 78, pp. 233–251.
 
62.
Shibin et al. 2016 – Shibin, K.T., Gunasekaran, A., Papadopoulos, T., Dubey, R., Singh, M. and Fosso Wamba, S. 2016. Enablers and barriers of flexible green supply chain management: A total interpretive structural modeling approach. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management 17(2), pp. 171–188.
 
63.
Sindhu et al. 2016 – Sindhu, S., Nehra, V. and Luthra, S. 2016. Identification and analysis of barriers in implementation of solar energy in Indian rural sector using integrated ISM and fuzzy MICMAC approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62, pp. 70–88.
 
64.
Solangi et al. 2019 – Solangi, Y.A., Tan, Q., Mirjat, N.H., Valasai, G.D., Khan, M.W.A. and Ikram, M. 2019. An integrated Delphi-AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach toward ranking and selection of renewable energy resources in Pakistan. Processes 7(2), pp. 1–31, DOI: 10.3390/pr7020118.
 
65.
Strantzali, E. and Aravossis, K. 2016. Decision making in renewable energy investments: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55, pp. 885–898, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.021.
 
66.
Suckling, J.H. and Frasier, J.T. 2015. Adoption of the paris agreement. Experimental Mechanics 8(11), pp. 513–519, DOI: 10.1007/BF02327128.
 
67.
Suman, S.K. and Ahamad, J. 2018. Solar energy potential and future energy of India: an overview. International Journal of Engineering Science, p. 17575.
 
68.
Suzuki et al. 2010 – Suzuki, M., Kehdy, B.O. and Jain, S. 2010. Identifying barriers for the implementation and the operation of biogas power generation projects in Southeast Asia: An analysis of clean development mechanism projects in Thailand. Economics and Management Series Working Paper, EMS–2010–20, International University of Japan, Japan.
 
69.
Tomar et al. 2017 – Tomar, V., Tiwari, G. and Norton, B. 2017. Solar dryers for tropical food preservation: Thermophysics of crops, systems and components. Solar Energy 154, pp. 2–13.
 
70.
Trutnevyte, E. et al. 2016. Energy scenario choices: Insights from a retrospective review of UK energy futures. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55, pp. 326–337, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.067.
 
71.
UNFCCC 2020. [Online] https://unfccc.int/climate-act... [Accessed: 2020-12-08].
 
72.
U.S. Energy Information Administration 2019. [Online] https://www.eia.gov/ [Accessed: 2020-12-08].
 
73.
Worldometers 2016a. [Online] https://www.worldometers.info/... [Accessed: 2020-12-08].
 
74.
Worldometers 2016b. [Online] https://www.worldometers.info/... [Accessed: 2020-12-08].
 
75.
Worldometer 2020. Libya Population. [Online] https://www.worldometers.info/... [Accessed: 2020-12-08].
 
eISSN:2720-569X
ISSN:1429-6675
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top