ORIGINAL PAPER
Analysis of the possibility of increasing the self-consumption rate in a household PV micro-installation due to the storage of electricity and heat
1
Independent Researcher, Germany
2
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-02-09
Final revision date: 2024-03-14
Acceptance date: 2024-04-07
Publication date: 2024-09-24
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2024;27(3):71-86
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Between 2019 and 2023, over one million PV micro-installations were built in Poland. Most of them have the option of settling prosumer discounts: net-metering (80% of energy sent to the grid returns to the user for PV installation power up to 10 kWp and 70% for power between 10 and 50 kWp). Owners of new PV micro-installations (from 2022) are subject to net-billing settlements, which is economically unfavorable due to the coexistence of low energy prices and high productivity of PV panels. This, however, favors efforts to increase self-consumption of energy in prosumer PV micro-installations. Therefore, for the selected PV installation, the use of electricity storage and thermal energy storage (for the purposes of preparing domestic hot water) was analyzed. The calculations were based on data from the installation collected during one year of operation. A calculation methodology for energy distribution for the consumption and storage of electricity and heat was developed, and thus for estimating the value of energy sent to the grid, taking into account the above-mentioned. The use of electrical and thermal energy storage resulted in an increase in the value of self-consumed energy, with the self-consumption coefficient ranging from 30 to over 80%. The self-consumption rate in the first year of operation of the installation (without energy storage) reached 27.1%, and in the second year 30.7%. A 3 kWh electricity storage would increase the self-consumption rate in the following years to 51 and 57.2%, and for a 6 kWh capacity 58.5 and 64.1%.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Analiza możliwości zwiększenia wskaźnika autokonsumpcji w przydomowej mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznej dzięki magazynowaniu energii elektrycznej i ciepła
magazynowanie ciepła, magazynowanie energii elektrycznej, energetyka w Polsce, PV, wdrażanie odnawialnych źródeł energii
W latach 2019–2023 w Polsce przybyło ponad milion mikroinstalacji PV. Większość z nich ma możliwość rozliczania bonifikat prosumenckich – net-metering (80% energii wysłanej do sieci wraca do użytkownika dla mocy instalacji PV do 10 kWp i 70% dla mocy od 10 do 50 kWp). Właściciele nowych mikroinstalacji PV (od 2022 r.) podlegają rozliczeniu typu net-billing, co jest niekorzystne ekonomicznie ze względu na współwystępowanie niskich cen energii i wysokiej produktywności paneli PV. Sprzyja to jednak działaniom na rzecz zwiększenia autokonsumpcji energii w prosumenckich mikroinstalacjach PV. Dlatego dla wybranej instalacji PV przeanalizowano wykorzystanie magazynowania energii elektrycznej i magazynowania energii cieplnej (na potrzeby przygotowania ciepłej wody użytkowej). Obliczenia oparto na danych z instalacji zebranych w ciągu jednego roku eksploatacji. Opracowano metodykę kalkulacji rozdziału energii na potrzeby zużycia i magazynowania energii elektrycznej i cieplnej, a tym samym szacowania wartości energii przesyłanej do sieci, uwzględniającą powyższe. Zastosowanie magazynowania energii elektrycznej i cieplnej spowodowało wzrost wartości energii zużywanej na własny użytek, przy czym współczynnik autokonsumpcji wahał się od 30 do ponad 80%.
Wskaźnik autokonsumpcji w pierwszym roku eksploatacji instalacji (bez magazynowania energii) wyniósł 27,1%, a w drugim roku 30,7%. Magazyn energii elektrycznej o pojemności 3 kWh zwiększyłby wskaźnik samozużycia w kolejnych latach do 51 i 57,2%, a dla pojemności 6 kWh odpowiednio
58,5 i 64,1%.
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