ORIGINAL PAPER
The role of hydrogen in ensuring Kazakhstan’s energy security
1
Higher School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Astana International University, Kazakhstan
2
Research Institute of the New Asia-Europe Land-Sea Corridor, Astana International University, Kazakhstan
3
Pedagogical Institute, Astana International University, Kazakhstan
4
Center for International Studies, Astana International University, Kazakhstan
5
Department of International Relations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Submission date: 2024-07-23
Final revision date: 2024-10-04
Acceptance date: 2024-11-05
Publication date: 2024-12-11
Corresponding author
Aigerim Ibrayeva
Higher School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Astana International University, Kazakhstan
Higher School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Astana International University, Kazakhstan
Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 2024;27(4):99-120
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
Energy policyEnergy economicsRenewable energy sourcesEcological, economic, social and legal aspects in energy systemsRegional issues of fuels and energyForecasts of fuels and energy demand and supplyEnergy systems modelling
ABSTRACT
The article aims to analyse Kazakhstan’s energy system, identify key parameters of energy security, and explore new opportunities, including the role of hydrogen energy, in ensuring the sustainability of the country’s energy system. The study utilised methods of scientific knowledge such as analysis, synthesis, modelling, and SWOT analysis. It assessed the dynamics of electricity generation and oil production in Kazakhstan, using statistical methods of modelling and forecasting. The study identified the current state and possible future trends, highlighting the impact of high dependence on oil exports on Kazakhstan’s economy and vulnerability to price fluctuations in world markets. A comparative analysis of the energy systems of other countries and regions was conducted to identify problems and potential solutions. The environmental and climate impacts of various energy sources, including coal, oil, gas, and renewable sources, were analysed. The study examined market mechanisms to support renewable energy, such as renewable electricity certification, and their impact on sector revenues. A conceptual approach to energy security was considered, analysing economic factors like fuel prices and capital costs of transitioning to renewable energy. Various scenarios for developing Kazakhstan’s energy system were assessed, including projections of renewable energy use and changes in fuel consumption. The results of this study can inform the development of Kazakhstan’s energy policy. Understanding the current state and trends in the energy sector allows for identifying key problems and potential development opportunities.
METADATA IN OTHER LANGUAGES:
Polish
Rola wodoru w zapewnianiu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Kazachstanu
analiza SWOT, odnawialne źródła energii, neutralność węglowa, rozwój strategii, źródła kopalne
Biorąc pod uwagę aktywną politykę Kazachstanu w kierunku neutralności węglowej oraz znaczące wyzwania energetyczne i środowiskowe, badanie to jest kluczowe dla opracowania strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju systemu energetycznego Kazachstanu. Artykuł ma na celu analizę systemu energetycznego Kazachstanu, identyfikację kluczowych parametrów bezpieczeństwa energetycznego oraz zbadanie nowych możliwości, w tym roli energii wodorowej, w zapewnianiu stabilności systemu energetycznego kraju. W badaniu wykorzystano metody naukowe takie jak analiza, synteza, modelowanie oraz analiza SWOT. Oceniono dynamikę wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i produkcji ropy naftowej w Kazachstanie, wykorzystując statystyczne metody modelowania i prognozowania. Badanie określiło aktualny stan i możliwe przyszłe trendy, podkreślając wpływ dużej zależności od eksportu ropy na gospodarkę Kazachstanu oraz podatność na wahania cen na rynkach światowych. Przeprowadzono porównawczą analizę systemów energetycznych innych krajów i regionów w celu zidentyfikowania problemów i potencjalnych rozwiązań. Analizowano wpływ różnych źródeł energii, w tym węgla, ropy, gazu oraz odnawialnych źródeł energii, na środowisko i klimat. Badanie zbadało mechanizmy rynkowe wspierające odnawialne źródła energii, takie jak certyfikacja energii odnawialnej, oraz ich wpływ na dochody w sektorze. Rozważono koncepcyjne podejście do bezpieczeństwa energetycznego, analizując czynniki ekonomiczne takie jak ceny paliw i koszty kapitałowe przejścia na odnawialne źródła energii. Oceniono różne scenariusze rozwoju systemu energetycznego Kazachstanu, w tym projekcje wykorzystania energii odnawialnej i zmiany w zużyciu paliw. Wyniki tego badania mogą posłużyć jako podstawa do opracowania polityki energetycznej Kazachstanu. Zrozumienie aktualnego stanu i trendów w sektorze energetycznym pozwala na identyfikację kluczowych problemów i potencjalnych możliwości rozwoju.
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